Topical Ketamtene: A REVIEW OF THE HISTORY, MECHANISMS, USES, SAFETY, AND FUTURE.
نویسنده
چکیده
Ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist, is an anesthetic used for general anesthesia. In the past 20 years, ketamine has been successfully formulated topically and has been used for analgesia. Topical analgesics are popular among physicians due to their efficacy and limited systemic effects. With the rise in compounding pharmacies in the U.S., the use of topical ketamine compounded with various bases and other analgesics has been increasing. There are numerous small studies examining the efficacy and safety of topical ketamine mainly on neuropathic pain. In this article, a narrative review examining topical ketamine's mechanism, pharmacology, use, safety, and future will be analyzed.
منابع مشابه
Wallflower (Erysimum cheiri (L.) Crantz) from Past to Future
Wallflower (Erysimum cheiri (L.) Crantz) is a common medicinal plant in Persian medicine and nowadays some traditional products from wallflower are consumed on global markets. The aim of the present study was to study the phytochemical constituents of wallflower and discuss safety evaluations related to the traditional wallflower preparations. Major Persian scholars (e.g. Avicenna) boo...
متن کاملPatient safety culture in hospitals of Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Background: healthcare organizations is being increasingly used. The aim of this study was to clarify PSC statusin Iranian hospitals using a meta-analysis method.Nowadays, for quality improvement, measuring patient safety culture (PSC) inMethodsSID and IranMedex using the search terms including patient safety, patient safety culture, patientsafety climate and combined with hospital (such as “ho...
متن کاملMedicinal plants for gingivitis: a review of clinical trials
Objective(s): Periodontal diseases are among prevalent oral health problems which may ultimately lead to severe complications in oral cavity. Herbal products can be designed as single or multicomponent preparations for better oral health. This study aims to review current clinical trials on the effectiveness of herbal products in gingivitis. Materials and Methods: Electronic databases, includin...
متن کاملHuman 3-D tissue models in radiation biology: current status and future perspectives
In this review, we discuss the use of a variety of 3-D models (particularly 3-D skin, lung, breast and endothelial) in radiobiological research and highlight the differences in responses compared to 2-D culturing conditions (monolayers). We review the characteristics of existing 3-D models and aim to point out the substantial advantages 3-D cultures provide for modern radiobiology. In particula...
متن کاملImpact of Optimally Minimizing Delay Times on Safety at Signalized Intersections in Urban Areas, Case Study: The City of Virginia Beach
Optimally minimizing delay times at signalized intersections can significantly improve both traffic flow and safety. However, most traffic flow optimizing tools do not measure the effect on safety. This study uses nonlinear programming (NLP) algorithms to optimally minimize delay times and employs both Safety performance functions (SPFs) and empirical Bayes (EB) before-after methodology to meas...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
عنوان ژورنال:
- International journal of pharmaceutical compounding
دوره 20 2 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2016